The Cause And Effect Of Maintaining A Personal Budget

The topic I chose for my research is the cause and effect of maintaining a personal budget. This is the department in which most of the people struggle a lot to manage it effectively. Therefore, the aim of this study is to aware other people as well that how it could affect them in many ways if they are not maintaining their personal budgets. The personal budget will help people in many ways as it has many pros in maintaining a budget. The personal budget maintenance requires trickiness as the main tactic in the people to reap the great benefits of maintaining a personal budget. The personal budget can help the people in knowing the money movements in their life by noticing their incoming and outgoing money balances. This also helps in knowing the expenditure details and how much money needs to be managed for better allocation of funds. This can be performed by preparing a budget plan. Introduction A budget is a plan of the spending with limited money over a particular period of time. A personal budget is a financial plan for allocating future personal income towards the expenses, savings and towards the debt repayments. For creating a personal budget, past spending and personal debts are considered to have an effective planned spending. Without a personal budget, the money will be spent on unimportant stuff. The effects of not keeping a personal budget will lead to take loans to fulfill the requirements and in emergency needs. The strict budget plan tends to release extraShow MoreRelatedEssay On Flat Tax971 Words   |  4 PagesWhen reconfiguring both personal and corporate income tax structures, the first decision lawmakers must approach is choosing whether to establish a flat income tax or a system with graduated tax rates based on levels of income. Unlike many of its peer states, which have flat corporate tax structures, Iowa has a graduated corporate tax rate with four brackets based on income levels. This system theoretically creates a more equitable outcome for taxpaying companies, and allows smaller businesses toRead MoreAmericas War on Drugs - The Prison Industrial Complex Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesthe devastating effect it has had on those in prison and the family members of those incarcerated. With Canadas Prime Minister Stephan Harper and his Conservative approach to follow in our bordering neighbors foot sets with the Safe Streets and Communities Act, and his get tough on crime approach Canadians are entering dangerous territory. America government is now warning the Canadian people that these harsher and more punitive laws against the war on drugs will only cause greater damage toRead MoreAnalyzing The Stock Market Crash1097 Words   |  5 Pages2013. Currently the national debt is approximately 18.5 trillion dollars (usdebtclock.org). National debt refers to direct liabilities of the United States Government. It is an issue that effects programs such as Social Security to the operations of the National Parks. If congress cannot decide on a budget the government shuts down, meaning that social security will not be spend out checks to those who are expecting it, and the national parks will shut down. The general population should be concernedRead MoreSolving The Foreclosure Crisis Of The United States1018 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2007, a set of financial circumstances created an economic downturn in the United States. While the root cause of this downturn is still widely debated, one thing is certain, one of the results of this mess was that a large number of people who had been homeowners found themselves facing foreclosure and financial collapse on a personal level. Since that time, buying a home has become a much different proposition. 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I had the pleasure of reviewing critical informat ion about the establishment and have organized a beneficial plan to upgrade the security system to perform at an optimal level. In addition to maintaining the budget requirements set, the weakest points among the organization will be addressed. Upgrading the system software and physical security, creating an information security policy, improving the employment hiring process, and controlling access toRead MoreEvaluating the Ethics of Deicit Spending Using Haidt’s Six Ethical Principles958 Words   |  4 Pages (dictionary.reference.com, 2014) In other words, it means that the government continues to increase spending when we already owe more than a trillion dollars. Throughout this paper I will be evaluating the ethics of this topic using with my own personal opinion along with Haidt’s six ethical principles. (moralfoundations.org, 2014) I will also explore the strengths and weaknesses of my argument using articles from the Washington Post and CBS news that support reduced government deficit spending

Diamonds A Symbolism Of Blood - 1119 Words

Diamonds: A Symbolism of Blood or Regality? Marilyn Monroe’s famous line â€Å"Diamonds are a girl’s best friend† is glamorously known worldwide. It is true that diamonds is what every girl desires for. Diamonds signifies to consumer’s wealth and glamour and are generally associated to gift one another or symbolize romance, marriage, and purity. However, despite how appealing a diamond is, its worth could be someone’s life. This is known as blood diamond or conflict diamond. A blood diamond is a diamond mined from a war zone and sold generally to help a rebel or invading army’s war efforts to gain more weapon and armed goods. Consumers are becoming more aware about the illegal diamond trade through the Kimberly process and the restrictions on diamonds in war zones. Hence, this paper argues that diamonds are a universal desire and through the Kimberly Process, the diamond industry has become more ethical and provides benefits to other regions around the world. First, the reason why diamonds are desirable is because of the deep tradition of engagement rings and jewelry and how it associated with social status. Every girl is believes or imagines to have an expensive ring. Hence, the demand of diamond as jewelry makes this commodity a desire. Hence, many people are willing to spend money on the sparkle because of the social status and beauty the diamond provides than other basic necessities. Diamond is a global commodity because it is a not produced in every country and isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Elevating the Power of a Novel through Symbolic Objects1635 Words   |  7 Pagestext. Whether the symbolism of the object is apparent to the reader or not the author places them in the story to elevate the power of the text. In Truman Capote’s Breakfast at Tiffany’s and Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar, there are a plethora of symbolic objects that hold a deeper meaning then what appears on the surface. Capote and Plath two diverse authors, fill their novels with a plethora of dynamic objects, such as a bird cage, a bell jar, a mirror, an unnamed cat and a diamond, in order to developRead MoreThe History of Piercings and Tattoos1070 Words   |  5 Pagesexpress themselves through decorating their skin with tattoos, piercing and other kinds of body art. Its true origin, symbolism, variety, and modern day versions go way back in time. The first tattoo known to man, was found on Otzi, the â€Å"Icemanâ€Å", in 1991. Otzi himself is from around 4,000 B.C. Fifty-eight tattoos were found on him, they were all made of lines and dots. No real symbolism could be made out of the designs. But scientists have a theory that these tattoos were part of some sort of medicalRead More Awakening1 Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesreturn. Symbolism is a common element in explaining Ednas emotions at both Grand Isle and New Orleans. 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Merill Lynch Free Essays

Supernova refers to a new way to manage client relationships that originated in one of Merill Lynch’s Indianapolis offices. The first preparation before the process of Supernova was establishing relationship with client in the area of client satisfaction; The frequency and quality of contact Rapid response to problems Attention to details The changes required to implement the Supernova process includes Maintaining minimum contact time Reducing the number of customers Folder system Through the Supernova process, FAs must maintain minimum contact time which is the 12-4-2 which is 12 monthly contacts of which 4 were portfolio reviews and 2 were face-to-face meetings. Besides that, FAs would have to segment the number of customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Merill Lynch or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have to rank their clients according to revenue generation, assets, favour of doing business with and etc. Most of them decided to reduce their clients to 200, important family or business associates, clients described as necessary. The FAs would have to implement Folder system that was done by the client associates. This is to provide systematic approach in FAs duties which is consistent with the Supernova process. As for the company, they may need to increase workforce at the Financial Advisory Center as many less promising clients are being let go by the FAs. There are several risks in this Supernova process. The first risk is that the FAs jeopardize the Supernova â€Å"brand† in that their clients would not be as satisfied as those of complete adopters. Second, Supernova advocates agreed that a failure to fully adopt the program meant that its benefits for FAs such as improved compensation and quality of work life would not be enjoyed. Third, when service promises were made to clients by FAs who intended to fully adopt Supernova but never completely implemented the program. Fourth, many traditional FAs associated the new approach (gathering and allocation) with Supernova. Fifth, the FAs felt that the CRM software that was used no doubt is the best out there but it’s a complex solution which may be difficult to be used by the FAs. The potential benefits in the Supernova process includes customer retention improved communication better organized FAs The customer retention is essential towards both FAs and the company. Once the customers are being identified, they are kept abreast and updated by their FAs. This served as a platform for both the customers and the FAs to have better bonding. The communication between the FAs and the customers improved as customers would definitely be sure to receive a call at least 12 calls for a year. Customers would also receive quick response to any problem that may arise. The FAs learnt to be more organized and be systematic through the folder process which is consistent to the implemented 12-4-2 program. How to cite Merill Lynch, Papers

Social Entrepreneurship and Business Ethics Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Social Entrepreneurship and Business Ethics Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Being of service refers to the charitable acts of the graduates that are primarily aimed at giving back to the society. The graduates can give back to the society in a variety of ways which include a voluntary provision of their time and resources. Moreover, they can offer support to community projects, protect the environmental conditions, give medical care to the homeless members of the society and be participating in the societal sports and games. Most importantly, the graduates are expected to demonstrate the ethical standards that relate to corporate social responsibility. Notably, corporate social responsibility encompasses the commitment by the organization to operate ethically and significantly contribute to the socio-economic development of the community of operation and ultimately improving the living standards of the society as a whole (Chell et al., 2016, p.620). This paper seeks to analyze the benefits of being in service and further highlights the role it plays in the c areer of entrepreneurs. Wide-Reaching Benefits of Being in Service Corporate social responsibility is vital in the current business environment because of the inherent benefits that come with doing philanthropic work to the society. As such, businesses and individuals should not only focus on the profit objective but also put significant emphasis on the corporate social responsibility. Serving the community has the following benefits to the upcoming entrepreneurs Corporate Social Responsibility significantly enhances the leadership skills of the individuals. Leadership plays a substantial part in the success of an organization and therefore entrepreneurs should put emphasize on the qualities of a good leader. The principles of corporate social responsibility emphasize on the ethical standards that benefit the society. As such, entrepreneurs that incorporate social responsibility in their business models exhibits the characteristic of a good leader such as support to the community and visionary in nature among other features of sound leadership style (Johnson et al., 2011). Additionally, being of service enhances the relationship between the entrepreneurs and members of the community including their employees. Changing the lives in the society creates good labor relations that are essential to the success of the organization. Consequently, the future entrepreneurs need to focus on building working relationships. Notably, corporate social responsibility requires the creation of good working conditions and proper employee welfare such as a provision of health care, assistance of dependants among others. In essence, adopting good corporate social responsibility enhances the relationships between the entrepreneurs and the important members of the society that are needed to realize the set goals of the organizations. Commitment to corporate social responsibility significantly enhances innovation among the employees of the organization (Salim and Ellingstad 2016, p.258). When a business operates with the society in mind, the nature of production activities aims at limiting the social problems. For instance, in a manufacturing business, pollution is a major issue. If the manager is socially responsible, ways of reducing the effects of pollution result in creativity and innovation because they will consider all the alternatives to solve the pollution problem (Hemingway 2005, p.235) Internal Benefits of CSR (Being of Service) Notably, internal aspects of an organization are critical to its performance and competitive ability within a given industry. As such, the management is required to formulate appropriate policies that help in the achievement of these critical business elements. Observably, employees welfare is one of the key CSR components that assists in the realization of successful entrepreneurship. Through this approach, an institution is obliged to provide medical cover, provide leave, and offer various financial assistance to the workers. Additionally, an organization indicates its being of service to its workers through the provision of better-working conditions, designing the jobs such as the employees get satisfied, and adherence to the intellectual property laws. These factors indicate the concern that a company has towards its employees, thus, promoting motivation and satisfaction among the personnel. Essentially, the CSR initiatives create a proper relationship regarding respect between the management and staff. External Benefits of CSR (Being of Service) Similarly, the external CSR elements determine the association between a firm, consumers, and surrounding communities. Remarkably, a company must apply procedures that do not lead to the destruction of the environment and other natural resources. Specifically, the external components are critical to the production of quality products that have minimal adversities on the consumers health. Additionally, the CSR services ensure that the enterprise contributes towards community development by establishing philanthropic activities such as funding local activities. Other requirements like respect for human right, ethical business operations, and elimination of social stratification are critical towards the achievement of external services. Role of Being in Service to Entrepreneurs Most entrepreneurs venture into business with the aim of making a profit for personal use. However, it is worth noting that companies should aim at giving back to the society. In the process of doing business, the entrepreneurs touch and change lives of so many people in the community. For instance, Unilever primarily deals with selling soap and soup to the public, however, when given more consideration, the company impacts a lot on the lives of the members of the society beyond the provision of detergents and food additives. It is, therefore, worth noting that social responsibility ensures that the future entrepreneurs learn not only to focus on the profit maximization objective but also put significant emphasize on the social, economic development of the society in its entirety (Carter 2011, p.45). Additionally, the knowledge of corporate social responsibility assists the entrepreneurs in developing a sense of solving the problems of the society. More often the community faces a lot of problems such as water shortage, poor nutrition, unfavorable climate change, insecurity among others. According to Michael Porter, forming NGOs is not the most appropriate way of handling the current societal problems. He argues that the businesses cause the societal problems in the process of making profits, for instance, manufacturing companies causes pollution and the rate of the deterioration primarily depends on the level of production. As such, the social problems need to be addressed by a business model, a concept called the creation of shared value. The business model should be developed in a manner that simultaneously increases the social value and economic value. Importantly, the concept of corporate social responsibility is vital for entrepreneurs as it assists them in developing busin esses models that focus on minimizing pollution, improving the working conditions of employees and improving the employees health among other aspects of good social practices (Garriga and Mel 2004, p.65). Further, according to Harish Manwani, businesses have the responsibility of serving the community of operation because that society sustains the activities of the companies. Notably, companies have to clearly formulate a purpose that which encompasses responsibility and an understanding that they have to take care of the environment of the community of operation. Moreover, a clear plan needs to be developed to ensure that the purpose is achieved and for the scheme to work the entrepreneurs need partnerships, coalition and appropriate leadership skills that enhance the chances of achieving the set purpose of making profits responsibly (Baron 2008, p.330) Conclusion Society is vital to the success of businesses, and therefore attention should be given to the well-being of the community (Seligman 2011). According to Michael Porter, businesses should be responsible and assist in solving the social problems because most of the problems result from their operations in the process of making profits. Accordingly, future entrepreneurs need to develop and implement business models that incorporate social responsibility. The various philanthropic activities improve the leadership skills of the entrepreneurs and ensure bonding between the management and the community of operation. Bibliography Baron, R.A., 2008. The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process.Academy of management Review,33(2), pp.328-340. Carter, S., 2011. The rewards of entrepreneurship: Exploring the incomes, wealth, and economic wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ being of entrepreneurial households.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,35(1), pp.39-55. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Garriga, E. and Mel, D., 2004. Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory.Journal of business ethics,53(1-2), pp.51-71. Hemingway, C.A., 2005. Personal values as a catalyst for corporate social entrepreneurship.Journal of business ethics,60(3), pp.233-249. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., and Scholes, K. 2011. Exploring Strategy: Text and Cases. 9th Edition. Harlow:FT Prentice Hall Salim Saji, B. and Ellingstad, P., 2016. Social innovation model for business performance and innovation.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,65(2), pp.256-274. Seligman, M.E., 2011. Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being.Policy,27(3), pp.60-1.

Analysis of The Crucible Essay Example

Analysis of The Crucible Paper Matters are taken to court, and Proctor brings Mary Warren (his servant and a member of Abigails circle) to court and tells Judge Danforth that she will testify that the girls are lying. Danforth is suspicious of Proctors motives and tells him, truthfully that Elizabeth is pregnant, and will be spared for a while. When the girls are bought to court, they turn things around by accusing Mary of bewitching them. In rage, Proctor confesses his affair with Abigail. Danforth interrogates Elizabeth to test Proctors claim. Despite her honesty, she lies to protect her husband and Danforth denounced Proctor as a liar. Meanwhile, Abigail and the girls again pretend that Mary is bewitching them. As a result of this, Mary has a break down and accuses Proctor of being a witch. As the autumn arrives, we find that Abigail has run away. Reverend Hale, the expert on witchcraft, has lost faith in the court and begs the accused witches to confess in order to save their lives, but they refuse. However, Danforth has conjured a plan: he asks Elizabeth to persuade John into confessing, and she agrees to do this. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of The Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Proctor agrees to confess but refuses to incriminate anyone else, and when the court insists that the confession must be made public, Proctor became resentful and retracts his statement. With that, the witch trials reach their awful conclusion, as Proctor is sent to the gallows with the others. Tragedy is a genre of drama, which stemmed from the Greeks; devised by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. Tragic plays always had a tragic hero, which in The Crucible is expressed through Proctor who is in conflict with the law and social drama, contending with the conflicts facing individuals within the conventions of society. As the play is set in 1692, this drama was based upon documented historical events. Miller does this is a number of ways by the use of compressing time, composite characters and conjecture events. This is called artistic license. John Proctor himself is husband to Elizabeth Proctor. He is a good father, and loyal to his friends. He is very passionate about having justice and doing what is right for the welfare of as many people as possible. This is seen at the end of the play when he makes a difficult decision, and this reflects Millers concern with the battle between the responsibilities of self and society. The relationship between Proctor and Elizabeth is very strong. Dramatic tension is built up by Elizabeth constantly mentioning the past and how they used to be; Proctor constantly feels guilty and apologises to Elizabeth. Elizabeth is constantly suspicious of what her husband is doing. What keeps you up so late? Its almost dark (Elizabeth) This suggests that their relationship is deceptive; there is no longer trust between them. This promotes the audience to question why? And why does Elizabeth stay with him? In spite of this, John is convinced to make amends. I mean to please you Elizabeth (Proctor) At this stage, the relationship is still together, but the audience may feel sorry for him. A contrast is seen when Proctor confesses in court about having an affair with Abigail, and Elizabeth denies it without knowing he had confessed to try and protect him. This made everyone question whether the affair actually took place. In the end, when John is hung, Elizabeth forgives him. However the relationship between Proctor and Abigail is very different, being based mainly around sex, creating sexual tension in the play. I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I come near! (Abigail) Proctor commits adultery, and keeps secrets from Elizabeth. Abigail is not living in reality; she wants revenge, and uses the complicated relationship as a weapon. Abigail thinks that the relationship she had with Proctor was love and tries to make him believe that he is in love with her too by reminding him of the past. She becomes obsessed, and the relationship becomes complicated, and it becomes dangerous and she misjudges his morals and personality. We never touched, Abby. (Proctor) Aye, but we did. (Abigail) Aye, but we did not. (Proctor) Dramatic tension in this scene is created through the basic instinct of sex which is expressed through Abigail. She confronts Proctor about sex, and the conversation becomes very physical in its self, as she grabs him and begs him to come back to her. In reaction to this situation the audience would feel quite shocked, and would want to know whats going to happen next as a result of what she is saying and how it will affect the people of Salem if they find out. Salem is guided by Puritanism, influenced by the religious teachings of the Bible. The life of a Puritan has a dominant and constant force characters in the play are faced by the demands of their religion, which creates a lot of hysteria and witch hunts, which consequently results in trials and deaths, and the build up of tension. The characters have closed minds and abided by their religion but Proctor behaved differently making him be seen by others as the devil. When a society develops itself thinking that their way of life is the only acceptable way, there will be intolerance of all other ways of life. An example of this is Parris reaction to Bettys illness. It was seen as completely abhorrent and this triggered the condemnatory behaviour. The reaction to John and Abigails affair also reflects intolerance within the community. Intolerance is also provoked by the rules within a society, which may motivate rebellion it is inevitable in a world based on induction. This theory is meditated throughout the play through Proctor and Abigail. Abigail induces witchcraft, and Proctor fights against the court. Rebellion will build up excitement and tension in the audience as they ponder what will happen as a consequence, which in the end is death.

analysis of alica keys essays

analysis of alica keys essays In the summer of 2001 a young women by the name of Alicia Keys was introduced to the Soul and RThe Diary of Alicia Keys. It is tough to distinguish what genre to place Alicias music under because her music is a fusion of hip-hop, Rs music could also be classified to be classical, since she makes use of her talents as a classically trained pianist. Alicias music contains a variety of sounds which is influenced by the many classical composers and contemporary artists she has grown up to adore which represents how unique her style is compared to any other modern artist. Since Alicia was brought up in New York, it is easy to say that she has certainly been influenced by pop culture and thus her music would be as well; however, with her clever use of combining the classical and hip hop genre to popular songs, it is indeed without a doubt that her music is geared towards the pop culture society while preserving a portion of the classical genre. Popular culture is roughly defined as the displacement of religion due to the advancement of science and technology where the majority begins to focus on more measurable things such as ownership, values, and doings (Mills). In Alicia Keys, If I Aint Got You, the first stanza begins with the continual repetition of Some people..., and it is here that she catches the listeners attention. Here, she allows her audience to understand that in todays society many are living for the fortune, fame and power, and she then cries out, but that lifes a bore...so full of the superficial (Lyrics). This depicts that the majority of the people in popular culture are more individualistic and self-centered compared ...

Management strategic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management strategic - Term Paper Example Retail coffee, European apparel, European nuts and snacks, U.S. meat snacks, European meats and Sara Lee branded apparel. Another significant decision taken parallel was to spin off the branded apparel business as Hanesbrands rather than selling it. This decision generated good cash flows for Sara Lee. After the retrenchment, Sara Lee Corporation took several strategic decisions to increase its sales and profits continuously. Quantitative goals were fixed for sales and profitability. For achieving these goals, the company decided to focus on three competitive capabilities. The first was to focus on customer needs and satisfaction. The second was to have appropriate category management to win new accounts or customers. The third was to focus on operational excellence through lean manufacturing and centralized purchasing. In addition to these capabilities, the company decided to develop a revised three division organizational structure according to customer types. These three divisions were Sara Lee food and beverage division, Sara lee Foodservice division and Sara Lee international division. This division was done in order to better realize the organizational

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

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Ethics and Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Pre Birth Assessment Reflective Analytical Study

Pre Birth Assessment Reflective Analytical Study I was requested to complete a Pre-Birth Assessment with regards to Case BB. The referral was made by the Community Midwife to the Children and Families Area Team where I was on my placement. The Community Midwifes concerns were BBs age, she already had a child who was under one year, her partner was in prison and the Midwife was further concerned about BBs lack of engagement with the health services particularly ante-natal services. The Midwife was also concerned with BBs emotional state of mind. To consolidate what little information was on the referral I contacted BBs current Health Visitor whereby I was subject to a litany of BBs misdemeanours regarding her care of CA. Although the Health Visitor regarded BBs care of CA as poor I noted that there had been no social work input requested from the Health Visitor and that the Health Visitor had quite a forceful personality. However, I took on board the information the Health Visitor provided with an objective mind. BB is 19 years old and lives in a local authority house in a rural village with few local amenities. The village is not well served with public transport which makes it difficult for BB to access the main town. BBs sole income is benefit based. BB now has two children, CA who is 15 months old and LA who is 3 months old. BBs partner, BA (who is 22 years of age) is at present in prison, serving a sentence for Assault to Serious Injury. BA is not expected to return to the family home until October 2010. BA is the natural father to both CA and LA. My role was to complete a Pre-Birth Assessment with regards to convening a Pre-Birth Conference if necessary. This is in line with the local authoritys High Risk Pregnancy Protocol. My role was also to support and work in partnership with BB and her family in the longer term. The context of my practice was that of a statutory role with statutory responsibilities. Therefore, I had to consider how to support the family by assessing BBs strengths and pressures as well as promote the welfare of BBs child and unborn child and in the wider sense to keep the family together. According to Hothersall (2008) these are principles inherent within the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 which themselves derive from broader principles surrounding the rights of the children and the importance of positive development as the basis for a meaningful life. Further to this Healy (2005) points out that within the practice context it is the legal aspect which has precedence over other aspects of practice. This incorporates the fulfilment of legal duties and responsibilities. The Children (Scotland) Act 1995, as mentioned previously, is the underpinning legislation within Children and Families. This legislation with regards to parental responsibilities was I felt, pertinent to this case. For example, the responsibilities of a parent to a child under 16 are set out in Section 1 of this Act. They are to safeguard and promote the health, development and welfare of the child and to provide appropriate direction to the child according to age. These parental responsibilities were important to consider when completing the Pre-Birth Assessment in response to both BB and her partner BAs capacity to parent. The Getting It Right For Every Child (GIRFEC) (Scottish Executive, 2005) policy was also crucial in my assessment. GIRFEC provides a practice model which promotes holistic assessment and planning for children, centred upon indicators of well-being and as a policy is about intervention as early as possible and provision of the right help at the right time. Within GIRFEC is the My World assessment model which I used to help me complete the Pre-Birth Assessment particularly in relation to BBs parenting skills with CA. I also utilised Getting Our Priorities Right (GOPR) A Guide for Workers in Best Practice (Local Authority Child Protection Web Pages). Underpinning this assessment was Protecting Children and Young People Framework for Standards (Scottish Executive, 2004). Within the context of completing the assessment I was aware of the statutory legal responsibility involved and the requirement to work within the framework of current legislation and policy. During supervision discussion was centred around the issue of care and control from the perspective of my practice based on statutory responsibility. According to Thompson (2005) to ignore control is to run the risk of being ineffective, while to ignore care can lead to potentially abusive and oppressive practice. Further to this Banks (2006) points out that the reasons for many ethical dilemmas and problems stem from the social work role as a public service profession dealing with vulnerable service users who need to be able to trust the worker and be protected from exploitation; and also from its position as part of state welfare provision based on contradictory aims and values (care and controlprotection of individual rights and promotion of public welfare) that cause tensions, dilemmas and conflicts. (Banks, 2006, p.25) As Banks also points out, in practice it is the rules of the agency that define who is to be regarded as a service user and provide the context in which the social worker operates. This, for me reflects that need to recognize the significance of discrimination and oppression in service users lives and for my practice to be ethically sound and develop a participatory approach to my practice. Considering these points helped me formulate how I was going to engage with BB. I had an understanding of my statutory responsibilities from a legal and policy perspective and I had an understanding of my personal and professional values in terms of the tensions caused by care and control. Therefore, I needed to build a working relationship with BB which would allow me to build a theoretical understanding of the interrelationship between the individual and society. (Watson West, 2006, p.13) This would help me complete a meaningful and insightful assessment of BBs current difficulties with appropriate interventions. To complete the assessment, I took into consideration Germain and Gittermans The Life Model of Social Work Practice (1996). Payne (2005) describes this model as a formulation of the ecological systems theory which is based on the relationship between people and their environment. The aim of social work is to increase the fit between people and their environment by alleviating life stressors and increasing peoples personal and social resources to enable them to use more and better coping strategies. Payne further points out that practice must be carried out through a partnership between worker and service user that reduces power differences between them. The environment and the demands of the life course should be a constant factor in making decisions. By utilising Germain Gittermans life model of practice (1996) I was able to create an accepting and supportive environment by describing my role clearly to BB and encouraging BB to give her thoughts about the referral. This elicited background information about her relationship with BA and support networks she had within her own extended family and with BAs extended family. We discussed the birth of her second child particularly in respect of how BB felt she could cope with CA as well as with the new baby. BB identified this as a worry for her as she was concerned that she would not be able to manage. To make sense of this information Payne (2005) describes resources that people have in order to cope. These are self-efficacy, self-esteem and self-concept. BB had none of these emotional resources available to her at this time. Coupled with this she had no self-direction in the sense she did not feel she had any control over her life. To allow me to elicit further information regarding BBs parenting skills I observed her care of CA. The My World model which draws on upon the work of Bronfenbrenner (1979) and encourages practioners to take an ecological approach to the assessment process helped me in this respect. By looking at the three domains of growth and development, what is needed from the people who look after me and my wider world I was able to elicit the positives in the situation and the areas of pressure in relation to the safety, well-being and development of the child. Further to this, attachment theory, which according to Schofield (2002) is primarily a theory for understanding (Schofield, 2002, p.29) was also useful in that although directly seeking to improve the quality of interaction between children and caregivers, the childs sense of security, self-esteem and self-efficacy may also be increased by intervening in the systems around the family, for example providing social support to the mother or funding a place for the child in an activity group. A visit with BA was also organised, who although in prison presented as a significant risk factor due to alcohol consumption and increasing levels of violence, albeit the incidents were not in or near the family home and did not involve BB nor his child. BA was at first uncommunicative which was understandable due to the setting and nature of the visit. Trevithick (2007) suggests that asking a range of different questions is central to interviewing however, before asking a question we must be interested in the answer. (Trevithick, 2007, p. 159) By careful use of open and closed questions I was able to draw out BAs views on the assessment and gain some sense of a working relationship with him. However, what really opened the conversation was when I commented on how CA looked very like him. BA then started to talk about CA and how he was looking forward to the birth of his next baby. During the course of the visit I was able to understand how BA supports BB by allowing her the freedom to take care of CA while he did the cooking and looked after the house. BA went on to explain that his relationship with BB was sound but that he was aware he had let her down badly particularly as she was pregnant with his second child. BA was aware that he had missed a lot of CA growing up and he did not want this to happen with his second child. BA was also open about the circumstances leading to his arrest and he admitted that it was due to a feud between two different villages that had been going on since school. BA confirmed that the whole thing was stupid and that he now realised he needed to grow up. Taking into account the information gained and observations made during my visits with BB, CA and BA I was able to start to make sense of their environment, their strengths and pressures and the roles each of them had within the home and their community. Intervention at the initial stages of the process was I believe successful with regard to forming a working partnership with BB and to an extent with BA. Further visits with BB drew further information regarding informal support networks which in the main was her mother. BBs mother was a source of practical support and advice and they were in contact daily. BB described her mother as her ear. Permission was sought from BB to meet with her mother. BBs mother was keen for her daughter to gain support from social services as she realised how difficult her daughter was finding things at this time. To complete the assessment and take into account risk factors and strengths I had to analyse and reflect on the information I had gained. According to Helm (2009) this information needs to be analysed before an understanding is developed which allows a judgement to be formed which can lead to an appropriate decision or action. Calder (2002) further offers a framework for conducting risk assessment by assessing all areas of identified risk and ensuring that each is considered separately e.g. child, parent, and surrounding environment each worrying behaviour should be assessed individually as each is likely to involve different risk factors. To counteract the risk factors present family strengths and resources should also be assessed, for example good bonding, supportive networks. After a thorough analysis and supervisory discussions I recommended that a Post-Birth Multi-Agency Conference not be convened. However, I recommended that a further assessment take place when BA returns to the family home and a Post-Birth Multi-Agency meeting to discuss future interventions be arranged as I was aware that the birth of the new baby could be a future pressure on BB. In line with anti-oppressive practice and partnership working, I discussed both the assessment and recommendations with BB and by letter with BA. Both were given the opportunity to put their views across and both were happy to continue to work voluntarily with the department for the present. The reasons behind my recommendations were that BB although socially isolated had a strong supportive network with her extended family and BAs extended family. Further to this BB has a close and supportive relationship with her mother whom she sees every day. According to Hill et al (2007) a vast array of research shows that parents in poverty, or facing other stresses, usually cope better when they have one or more close relationships outside the household and these are activated to give practical, emotional or informational support. Most often this is informal but, for isolated parents access to family centres or professionals including health professionals can make a great difference to both the parents and the social and emotional health of children. (Barlow Underdown, 2005) With regards to CA, BB had a good bond with her daughter and was quick to attend to her needs. BB also had a routine in place for CA regarding mealtimes and naps this also included a bedtime routine. CA was reaching her developmental milestones (Source: Sheridans Charts). CA had age appropriate toys and had the freedom of the living area. BB had erected a baby gate to stop CA from gaining access to the kitchen and the stairs. However, since CA started walking, BB has to continually keep an eye on CA due to the open fire and hearth in the living area which is proving stressful for BB. Immediate interventions included obtaining Section 22 funding to purchase a safety fireguard and information was obtained regarding BB making applications for Sure Start and Healthy Eating Grants. These applications were successfully made by BB and allowed her to purchase essential items for the new baby. BB had highlighted this as a worry for her as she was struggling financially. Working in collaboration with the Community Midwife arrangements were made for BB to make the trip to the clinic on alternate weeks when her benefits were received. The Community Midwife visited her at home the other weeks. I believe I managed to build a positive working relationship with BB. According to Wilson et al (2008) relation-based practice is the emphasis it places on the professional relationship with the service user. The social worker and service user relationship is recognised to be an important source of information for the worker to understand how best to help. In order to make informed decisions and critically evaluate practice, reflection and analysis of information should embrace all sources of knowledge which have to be drawn upon. Further to this, a potentially more informative, relationship-based and reflective response would be to articulate the service users feelings by which the service user can acknowledge their own responses to the situation. As Fook (2002) points out: Reflective practioners are those who can situate themselves in the context of the situation and can factor this understanding into the ways in which they practice (Fook, 2002, p.40) Banks (2006) also indicates that part of the process of becoming a reflective practioner also involves being aware of ones own position of power and how dominant discourses construct the knowledge and values we use to describe and work with situations and practice. This has been discussed in supervision with regards to BBs Pre-Birth assessment and to visiting BA in prison. It is difficult to evaluate whether aspects of my work were effective or not. However, in supervision we discussed how keen BB was to gain support and seemed to appreciate the partnership approach. This was discussed in relation to Hill et als (2007) research and Barlow and Underdown (2005). Small aspects of my intervention, such as the provision of the safety fireguard were described by BB as a godsend and she was proud to show me the baby items she had purchased on receipt of the grants. Discussion in supervision also centred round the next stage of intervention which was after the baby was born. I discussed with BB the opportunity for CA to attend a local authority nursery one day per week. This would help CAs social and emotional development and at the same time allow BB to spend time with LA. This referral was successful as was gaining the services of a volunteer driver to transport CA. However, CA has only just started at the nursery and therefore difficult to gauge if this referral has been effective. Reflecting on my work overall, I should probably have explored more with BB her social isolation and worked on strategies to get her more involved in the community. Further to this resources in this village are non-existent and the parenting groups which were suitable were not available locally. BB was interested but location of the Family Centre and lack of public transport negated this. I enquired with regards to Outreach Work but this was not available. Discussion with other colleagues in the team reflected the same theme regarding facilities for the outlying villages. Further discussion in supervision raised for me the difficulty of maintaining empowering and anti-oppressive practice within this context as assessment should be needs led not resource led. 2,979 words

The Success of the Civil Rights Movement Essay -- 1960s Civil Rights M

Although there was significant improvement in the lives of black people through the Success of the civil rights movement by the late 1960s, there were also some failures and aspects that the civil rights movement had not achieved. These failures were social, economical, political and cultural. These failures included the fact that some laws were not upheld. Black people saw this as an injustice and inconvenience and as a failure economically. There was unemployment to a certain degree amongst the black community, as over 10% of black people were unemployed. This could be linked to poverty and poor quality of schooling and education Poverty and the condition of living and housing was a major issue in 1967, when one third of black families were living below the government's poverty level in comparison to under 10% of white people who were living below the government's poverty level. Economically, this was another failure. A cultural and social failure was the mortality rate of black babies, that being twice as high ...